Control systems are an integral part of everyday life in today’s society. They control our appliances, our entertainment centers, our cars, and our office environments; they control our industrial processes and our transportation systems; they control our exploration of land, sea, air, and space. Almost all of these application use digital controllers implemented with computers, microprocessors, or digital electronics. Every electrical, chemical, or mechanical engineering senior or graduate student should therefore be familiar with the basic theory of digital controllers.
